Which of the following is NOT an example of message testing?

The concept of message testing revolves around evaluating and refining communications before they are widely distributed. It involves methods designed to gauge the effectiveness and clarity of messages intended for specific audiences.

Focus groups, survey feedback, and audience analysis are all methods that can be directly used to test messages. Focus groups involve gathering a small, diverse group of people to discuss and evaluate a message or campaign, allowing for qualitative insights into their perceptions and reactions. Survey feedback collects quantitative data from a larger audience to understand how different demographics respond to various messages. Audience analysis examines the characteristics and preferences of the target audience, informing how messages can be tailored for better effectiveness.

In contrast, ROI (Return on Investment) does not pertain to the immediate evaluation of message effectiveness. Instead, it is a broader financial metric that assesses the profitability of various initiatives, including marketing campaigns, but does not specifically measure audience responses to messages or how well those messages resonate. Thus, ROI does not serve the role of an instrument for message testing, which is why it is identified as the correct answer in this context.